{"id":889,"date":"2014-06-02T08:00:59","date_gmt":"2014-06-02T08:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/?p=889"},"modified":"2015-05-18T19:30:54","modified_gmt":"2015-05-18T19:30:54","slug":"the-only-times-you-should-use-a-roth-style-account","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/the-only-times-you-should-use-a-roth-style-account\/","title":{"rendered":"The Only Times You Should use a Roth-style Account"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_916\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-916\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-916\" src=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of man standing in front of sign advertising Blue Moon brand beer\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon-622x415.jpg 622w, https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/iStock_000023232625Smallbluemoon.jpg 849w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-916\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">You probably don&#8217;t want to use a Roth-style account. Except in once-in-a-blue-moon type situations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In a couple of recent blog posts (see <a title=\"Are Roth-IRAs and Roth-401(k)s Really a Good Deal?\" href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/are-roth-iras-and-roth-401ks-really-a-good-deal\/\">here<\/a> and <a title=\"Worst case scenarios for Roth-style accounts\" href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/worst-case-scenarios-for-roth-style-accounts\/\">here<\/a>), I&#8217;ve trash-talked the option of using Roth-IRA and Roth-401(k) accounts.<\/p>\n<p>And that trash-talking seems fair given the general <em>inappropriateness<\/em> of Roth-style accounts for most people.<\/p>\n<p>However, in three or four situations taxpayers probably should use a Roth-style account rather than a traditional 401(k) or traditional IRA account. To be fair, then, let me identify and describe these situations.<\/p>\n<h3>People Who Don&#8217;t Currently Pay Any (or Much) Income Tax<\/h3>\n<p>If someone doesn&#8217;t pay income taxes or doesn&#8217;t pay much income tax, a Roth-style account probably makes good sense.<\/p>\n<p>The reasoning goes like this: If such a person uses a traditional IRA or 401(k), they don&#8217;t get any or much tax savings anyway because they don&#8217;t pay any or much tax. And the Roth-style account <em>could <\/em>save them taxes in the future.<\/p>\n<p>For example, anyone with a below-median-income, a mortgage and children probably doesn&#8217;t pay any federal income tax and very possibly doesn&#8217;t pay state income tax. This investor should, given the choice, use a Roth-style account rather than a traditional IRA or 401(k).<\/p>\n<p>Another example: If you have school-age children or grandchildren with part-time jobs, because they don&#8217;t pay any income taxes typically, a Roth-IRA often makes good sense for them, too. (I&#8217;m thinking here that you as a parent or grandparent might want to gift them money which they would use for the Roth account contributions.)<\/p>\n<p>Again, note the logic: If a traditional IRA or 401(k) doesn&#8217;t save taxes and in the future a Roth-style account <em>might <\/em>save taxes, heck, go with the Roth.<\/p>\n<p>That makes sense, right?<\/p>\n<h3>People Who Will Probably Always Pay the Top Tax Rate<\/h3>\n<p>Okay, so remember that the optimal choice when picking between Roth-style and traditional retirement accounts comes down to the marginal tax rates. And what someone wants to do is &#8220;pay the fiddler&#8221; when the tax rate is lowest. Usually that&#8217;s during retirement.<\/p>\n<p>However if you&#8217;re someone who will always pay at the top tax rate, you may as well pay your taxes now by using a Roth-style account. You don&#8217;t know for sure that you&#8217;ll save income taxes by doing this.<\/p>\n<p>But you will by doing this &#8220;lock in&#8221; your tax rate in effect, thereby protecting yourself against future tax rate increases. You will also reduce or eliminate the need to take required minimum distributions from your retirement accounts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caution:<\/strong> If a flattened tax rate structure ever occurs\u2014and legislators regularly propose this\u2014you do not want to convert or to have already converted to a Roth-style account. Rather, you want to wait for the flattened rates&#8211;and then convert.<\/p>\n<p>By the way, you probably don&#8217;t need to start thinking you&#8217;ll always be in the top tax rate until you have something in excess of $10,000,000 in investments producing investment income something in excess of $500,000 annually.<\/p>\n<h3>People Who Want to Tax-diversify<\/h3>\n<p>Okay, this is maybe a little far-fetched, but you will sometimes hear pretty smart people talk about using Roth-IRAs and Roth-401(k)s as a way to diversify the tax risks connected to your investments.<\/p>\n<p>As a tax accountant, I am not a fan of trying to guess what Congress will do.<\/p>\n<p>But that said, this tax diversification angle is probably a good idea for people with larger balances. (Say over $2,000,000?)<\/p>\n<p>Who knows what Congress might do in the future with regard to retirement accounts (including both traditional IRA and 401(k) accounts and also Roth-style accounts).<\/p>\n<p>But very possibly, Roth-style accounts <em>might be<\/em> treated differently in any re-writing of pension tax laws. And if that were the case, you might benefit from having your money sprinkled among a few different types of retirement accounts.<\/p>\n<p>For example, decades ago, tax law levied an excise tax on large six-figure distributions from retirement accounts. If Congress ever reinstituted this excise tax, past implicit political promises to the electorate might stop Congress from applying such a tax to Roth accounts.<\/p>\n<h3>People With a Decimated Portfolio\u2014Maybe<\/h3>\n<p>So one final category of investor may want to consider using a Roth-style account: someone with a massively beat-up IRA account balance and money outside of tax-deferred accounts to pay for a conversion.<\/p>\n<p>But let me explain with an example.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose that you have a growing $1,000,000 IRA balance and that you also know by the time you retire this money will have doubled. Or even quadrupled.<\/p>\n<p>Further suppose that (perhaps due to some financial system meltdown like the one recently experienced) that the IRA balance declines by half. So, boom, the $1,000,000 balance becomes a $500,000 balance.<\/p>\n<p>In this situation, it&#8217;s probably not crazy to consider converting the $500,000 IRA to a Roth-IRA. Yes, you&#8217;ll pay a hefty tax rate on this conversion. Perhaps 40% of the $500,000, so $200,000?<\/p>\n<p>But assuming the IRA balance rebounds to $1,000,000 and that it then continues to grow, you may (in effect) lock in your tax bill at a low level due to the temporarily depressed account balance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>People who did this during the Great Recession triggered bear market ended up really well obviously&#8230; and though risky what they were betting implicitly was that their 401(k) and IRA accounts really had <em>not<\/em> been halved in value no matter what the statements from the mutual fund company or their investor adviser said&#8230; Rather, these people assumed that the craziness in the capital markets only made it <em>seem <\/em>that way.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a couple of recent blog posts (see here and here), I&#8217;ve trash-talked the option of using Roth-IRA and Roth-401(k) accounts. And that trash-talking seems fair given the general inappropriateness of Roth-style accounts for most people. However, in three or four situations taxpayers probably should use a Roth-style account rather than a traditional 401(k) or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-889","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-finance","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Only Times You Should use a Roth-style Account - Evergreen Small Business<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/the-only-times-you-should-use-a-roth-style-account\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Only Times You Should use a Roth-style Account\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a couple of recent blog posts (see here and here), I&#8217;ve trash-talked the option of using Roth-IRA and Roth-401(k) accounts. 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Except in once-in-a-blue-moon type situations."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/the-only-times-you-should-use-a-roth-style-account\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Only Times You Should use a Roth-style Account"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/","name":"Evergreen Small Business","description":"Actionable Insights from Small Business CPAs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/#\/schema\/person\/81bbd61b04df6d67d261eaa871e65e36","name":"Stephen Nelson CPA","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa0c0563c8278d739d19e83181897fe96010490739f2050455931c5de2bf7fdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa0c0563c8278d739d19e83181897fe96010490739f2050455931c5de2bf7fdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa0c0563c8278d739d19e83181897fe96010490739f2050455931c5de2bf7fdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Stephen Nelson CPA"},"url":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/author\/seattlecpa2014\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}