{"id":8124,"date":"2018-12-22T16:07:10","date_gmt":"2018-12-23T00:07:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/?p=8124"},"modified":"2019-10-04T12:00:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-04T19:00:30","slug":"irs-pub-535-section-199a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/irs-pub-535-section-199a\/","title":{"rendered":"Publication 535 Fleshes Out Additional Section 199A Details"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/iStock-176979003.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-8127\" src=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/iStock-176979003-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of jets on tarmac in Zurich, gridlocked. A metaphor for CPA firms waiting for Section 199A final regulations.\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/iStock-176979003-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/iStock-176979003.jpg 679w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A first version of some of the pages in 2018 IRS Publication 535 appeared a few days ago. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-dft\/p535--dft.pdf\">here<\/a>.) And conveniently the pages provide additional details concerning the Section 199A deduction.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these details will surprise tax accountants, surely. Others may only exasperate.<\/p>\n<p>But one interesting idea to ponder if you\u2019ve followed closely the Section 199A discussion: Do the draft pages for Publication 535 reflect an evolution in Section 199A thinking\u00a0on the part of the Treasury and IRS.<\/p>\n<p>Maybe especially when you look at them in combination with the final regulations? I wonder. Several really significant details jump out from careful reading of the draft Publication 535 pages and a close look at the worksheets.<\/p>\n<h2>Trade or Business Requirement for Rental Investors Changes?<\/h2>\n<p>The proposed and final regulations for Section 199A said that real estate investors may calculate a Section 199A deduction for rental income if the investor shows regularity and continuity in her or his investing and is motivated by profit.<\/p>\n<p>As I\u2019ve discussed in my blog post, <a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/section-199a-rental-property-trade-or-business-definition\/\">Section 199A Rental Property Trade or Business Definition<\/a>, that set a fairly low bar and applied the Section 162 \u201ctrade or business\u201d concept.<\/p>\n<p>Publication 535 suggests a harsher rule, however, saying,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The ownership and rental of real property doesn\u2019t, as a matter of law, constitute a trade or business, and the issue is ultimately one of fact in which the scope of your activities in connection with the property must be so extensive as to give rise to the stature of a trade or business.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The key thing that jumps out at me? That word, \u201cextensive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Apparently, merely showing \u201cregularity,\u201d \u201ccontinuity\u201d and a \u201cprofit motive\u201d means a taxpayer falls short?<\/p>\n<p>Wow. Count me surprised. And by the way?\u00a0The final regulations as well as the proposed rental property safe harbor also seem to suggest the IRS has tightened the eligibility rules for rental property investors. Darn!<\/p>\n<h2>Statutory Employees Get Clarity and a Win<\/h2>\n<p>More than one tax accountant wondered how Section 199A treats statutory employees. And, really, two specific questions popped up.<\/p>\n<p>First, do the wages paid to statutory employees count as W-2 wages one can plug into the Section 199A formula? (My original guess was &#8220;no,&#8221; as discussed here: <a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/section-199a-qualified-business-income-deduction-danger-zones\/\">Section 199A Deduction Danger Zones<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Second, do statutory employees who report their wages and any business expenses on a Schedule C form get to take the Section 199A?<\/p>\n<p>Publication 535 answers these questions, saying you <em>don\u2019t<\/em> count wages paid to statutory employees as wages. Further, it says statutory employees <em>do<\/em> get to calculate a Section 199A deduction on their Schedule C\u2019s bottomline profit.<\/p>\n<p>Okay, good to know&#8230; good to know. (Note that this accounting also meshes with what appears in the final regulations.)<\/p>\n<h2>Real Estate and Insurance Brokers and Agents Lose and Regain Deduction<\/h2>\n<p>Another interesting &#8220;real-estate-related&#8221; change that showed up in the draft pages for Publication 535&#8230; and then disappeared a few days later.<\/p>\n<p>The first draft of the draft that appeared said real estate and insurance brokers and agents don&#8217;t get the Section 199A deduction.<\/p>\n<p>That didn&#8217;t really make sense.\u00a0The proposed regulations explicitly stated that real estate brokers and agents as well as insurance brokers and agents don\u2019t count as specified service trades or businesses. But the first draft of the draft\u00a0 Publication 535 instructions said specified service trades or businesses include,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Brokerage services, including arranging transactions between a buyer and a seller for a commission or fee such as stock brokers, real estate agents and brokers, insurance agents and brokers, and intellectual property brokers;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Weirdly, a week or so later, the IRS changed the draft Publication instructions to say that specified service trades or businesses include,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Brokerage services, including services in\u00a0which a person arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller with respect to\u00a0securities for a commission or fee including services provided by stock brokers and\u00a0other similar professionals, but not real estate agents and brokers, or insurance\u00a0agents and brokers;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I mention this because the flip-flopping sowed a bit of confusion as well as wailing and gnashing of teeth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> What I wrote here is correct and meshes with the second draft of the instructions as well as the final regulations: <a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/real-estate-broker-section-199a-deduction\/\">Real Estate Broker Section 199A Deductions.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u201cPrincipal Asset is Reputation or Skill\u201d Label Expanded?<\/h2>\n<p>And another interesting change hinted at in the Pub 535 pages, maybe, is the way the Section 199A rules will be enforced by IRS auditors.<\/p>\n<p>The Section 199A statute that Congress passed said any trade or business where the principal asset of the firm is the reputation or skill of one or more owners or employees counts as a specified service trade or business.<\/p>\n<p>That matters&#8230; Why? Because then these businesses don\u2019t generate qualified business income when the taxpayer\u2019s income is high.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed as well as the final regulations, elaborating on this issue, said the \u201cprincipal asset\u201d thing means a situation where some celebrity earns income from appearances, endorsements or licensing their image or name.<\/p>\n<p>Curiously, the draft pages for Publication 535 say all these items do count but the pages also seem to describe them as examples of \u201cprincipal asset\u201d situations and not the complete list.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, the draft pages say a specified service trade or business is any,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8230;trade or business where the principal asset is the reputation or skill of one or more of its employees, including: \u2013 Receiving fees, compensation, or other income for endorsing products or services; \u2013 Licensing or receiving fees, compensation or other income for the use of an individual\u2019s image, likeness, name, signature, voice, trademark, or any other symbols associated with the individual\u2019s identity; or \u2013 Receiving fees, compensation, or other income from appearing at an event or on radio, television or another media format.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Am I maybe getting too sensitive to the choice of words the publication uses? Maybe&#8230; But have you ever argued with an IRS agent about this sort of language? Yeah, me too. And an agent will read something like that paragraph above from publication the way I worry.<\/p>\n<h2>Worksheets Clear Up Some Calculation Details<\/h2>\n<p>One riddle the draft Publication 535 pages didn&#8217;t clear up and didn&#8217;t provide help with: how adjustments for AGI work.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6283\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6283\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/ebooks\/maximizing-sec-199a-deductions-e-book\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6283 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sec199AThumb.png\" alt=\"Cover of Maximizing Section 199A Deductions ebook\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6283\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Need Section 199A expertise? <a href=\"http:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/ebooks\/maximizing-sec-199a-deductions-e-book\/\">Consider our best-selling e-book.<\/a> Instant download. Money back guarantee.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Specifically, lots of folks wondered whether things like the self-employed health insurance deduction, a sole proprietor&#8217;s or partner\u2019s pension plan contributions, and maybe the self-employment taxes deduction counted as business deductions that reduce the qualified business income flowing out of a sole proprietorship or partnership.<\/p>\n<p>The Pub 535 worksheets used to calculate the Section 199A deduction don\u2019t include these deductions in their calculations which <em>sort of<\/em> seems to indicate that these items don\u2019t reduce qualified business income.<\/p>\n<p>However, this reading is wrong. According to the final regulations, things like a self-employed health insurance deduction, the employer share of self-employment taxes, and then employer-side pension contributions do reduce qualified business income and therefore the Section 199A. That confusion is lamentable.<\/p>\n<p>One other interesting wrinkle to this? As of late January 2019, the tax software seems to be requiring tax accountants to make these sorts of calculations largely by hand. Yikes. This means the preparer needs to really understand the Section 199A regulations in order to handle returns with the Section 199A deduction.<\/p>\n<h2>An Awkward Final Comment<\/h2>\n<p>Most people aren&#8217;t ready for this new deduction as tax season begins. And by most people I mean the tax software providers, the tax accountants, the IRS personnel who will shortly be administering the new law, and then especially of course small business owners.<\/p>\n<p>That bodes poorly for the coming tax season&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A first version of some of the pages in 2018 IRS Publication 535 appeared a few days ago. (See here.) And conveniently the pages provide additional details concerning the Section 199A deduction. Some of these details will surprise tax accountants, surely. Others may only exasperate. But one interesting idea to ponder if you\u2019ve followed closely [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8124","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-section-199a","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Publication 535 Fleshes Out Additional Section 199A Details - Evergreen Small Business<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/evergreensmallbusiness.com\/irs-pub-535-section-199a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Publication 535 Fleshes Out Additional Section 199A Details\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A first version of some of the pages in 2018 IRS Publication 535 appeared a few days ago. 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